Background The carbon cycle is central to the Earth system, being inextricably coupled with climate, the water cycle, nutrient cycles and the production of biomass by photosynthesis on land and in the oceans. Understanding the patterns of exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean and land and the processes associated to them such as CO2 …

Background Quantifying the ocean carbon budget and its response to anthropogenic forcing is a major goal in climate research. The ocean has absorbed about a quarter of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions while the proportion of carbon uptake has increased relative to emissions. However, our understanding of ocean carbon pools, processes that modulate them, and interactions with …

Background The EO for Official Statistics and policy indicators reporting Conference is planned to take place from 05 to 07 May 2026 in ESRIN. The conference will facilitate the integration EO into national statistics processes and policy reporting, addressing how EO data can enhance the accuracy, timeliness, and spatial granularity of key metrics used for …